Women in Islam Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Women in Islam - Essay Example She has equally rights to get education and shows her skills in every field of life even in battle fields which some precedent examples are found in the history of Islam as well. She has given the rights to express her thoughts and to act upon her thoughts .Islam gave protection to women by describing laws for women protection like the dower concept in Islam is one step for women social life protection. Islam gave rights to the women at that time when the birth of a baby girl was considered as a curse in society .Islam preached lesson of equality and justice in society, and preached that women are equal to men in rights in society and both sex have to take care of each other rights and self-respect. So in short actions like forced girls marriages, their genitals mutilation forbidding them to drive cars and subjecting them to the humiliation of "instant" divorce are not Islamic actions at all and are against the Islamic laws. Islam was a revolutionary religion for all universe including women the first state policies declared for women safety in society were described by Islam. By Quran and hadith the impact of Islamic faith on women: Spiritual equality of men and women: In Islam men and women are equal spiritually if they are doing good will be blessed by God else will be punished and the criteria for measurement of their deeds is same and equal, both will face equal punishment by doing bad and will enjoy blessing if doing good .

Non-Profit Clubs Essay Example for Free

Non-Profit Clubs Essay Earned conducting business and club income. E. g. Membership fees, sale of refreshments, donations, etc. Not sale of assets. Gain to club. Increase surplus. Answer: -membership fees -entrance fees -sale of refreshments -sale of uniforms Question Two: Definition of Expenditure: Refers to the amounts paid or payable. Normally incurred while running the club. Necessary to generate income. Either used up immediately or have no lasting value. Loss to club. Decrease surplus. Debited to Nominal accounts section in General Ledger. E. g. Rent expense, stationary, electricity, wages, etc. Answer: -uniforms to sell -refreshments to sell -electricity -water -rent expense -salaries/wages -stationary Question Three: Answer: †¢Membership Fees: –also known as subscriptions. -usually most important income (revenue) to a club, major portion. -together with additional income, cover expenses. -fixed amount. -paid by members of club. -usually payable annually, sometimes quarterly or even monthly. income to club. †¢Income Receivable/Accrued income: (same as usual), income still owed to us but not yet received. E. g. members who have not yet paid subscription. †¢Income Received in advance: (same as usual), income received before it was due to be paid. E. g. members that pay their subscription early. †¢Honorarium: -certain people that do a lot of work (bulk of the work) for the club are occasionally voted a sum of money (remunerated) as a token of appreciation at the end of the year. -expense to club. Entrance Fees: -new members may be expected to pay a fee to join the club. -normally a once off fee. -I. e. when the member joins for the first time. -income to club. †¢Affiliation Fees: -if the club wants to enter a team to play other teams in the area then the club needs to pay an ‘affiliation fee’ to the organising body. -paid annually. -expense to club. †¢Accounts using the same principle as â€Å"consumable stores† and â€Å"consumable stores on hand† and also â€Å"expenses prepaid’, etc. do in a trading concern: -e. g. tennis balls’ and ‘tennis balls on hand’ -in clubs these consumable stores are sometimes also sold as â€Å"trading stock† -once the it em is used (not necessarily used up), (by the club), it is immediately considered an expense. †¢ Refreshments: -recorded the same as one would record trading stock. †¢Membership Fees Written Off: -members would get expelled if their membership fees are not paid over a long period of time (and warning) and their bad debts would be written off. -same principal as writing off bad debts in a trading oncern. Question Four: Answer: Membership fees are due on the first day of each year. They are paid annually, directly to the club. The club has a meeting at the end of each year to clarify the membership fees of the next year. An invoice will be sent out to each member indicating the money due to the club on the first day of the year. This fee must be paid by the end of the first month. If it isn’t, the member will be addressed by the club via an email. By the end of the second month, a letter will be sent in the post. This letter will warn them of the repercussions of not paying and advise them on how they can go about paying if they are struggling (a percentage each month). These warnings will continue for the entire year. In the last month of the year they will get the final warning, which will be via email, post and face to face, in which they will be warned that if not paid by the last day of the year, the club will expel the member. If the membership fee is still not paid by the first day of the next year, it will be written off and the member will be expelled.

The Old Man and the Sea by Ernest Hemingway

The Old Man and the Sea by Ernest Hemingway If someone is fortunate enough to acquire a treasure, He is obligated to battle for it until death; but if a man is unlucky enough, he must fight to obtain his possessions till the end. In either situations, the struggle within determines the persons rank, and is given the title of a hero. In the old man in the sea, the old Cuban man Santiago Is ridiculed by the fact that he hasnt caught a fish in eighty-four days. The local fishermen in Santiagos village nickname him Salao, or someone who encounters bad luck. Before Santiago sets off on his journey to sea, he orders Manolin, Santiagos friend and fishing aid, to stay on land. Santiago believes the fishing plague is caused by fallacy. Santiago considers that leaving Manolin will bring him better luck at sea. Sailing out into the open ocean, the old man knows that a big fish is guaranteed. Santiagos plaque ends when he encounters himself with an enormous Marlin. But his valuable treasure, the Marlin, is destroyed by the sharks. Althoug h Santiago losses his treasure to the sharks, he is considered a hero because he fights bravely till the end. The symbol of the lion, which is seen several times in Santiagos dreams, serves to show that he loves them just as much as he loves Manolin. He no longer dreamed of storms, nor of women, nor of great occurrences, nor of great fish, nor fights, nor contests of strength, nor of his wife. He only dreamed of places now and of the lions on the beach. They played like young cats in the dusk and he loved them as he loved the boy (Hemingway 32).Throughout the novel, mainly at the beginning, the lions appear as cubs. The young lions foretell the great things that lie ahead for Santiago, as he embarks on his quest for the treasure. When the cubs transform into lions, they imply great power which inspires Santiago to not give up. When Santiago dreams of Manolin, Santiago compels himself to defend the boy of his values. When the old man dreams of Lions, he tends to relax because the lions seem to have control and domination over him. Since the lions appear in the beach, an environment not native to their surroundings, it inclines to show that there is an accord in all of life. I would like to take the great DiMaggio fishing, the old man said. They say his father was a fisherman. Maybe he was as poor as we are and would understand (Hemingway 17). Another frequent figure in the novel is that of Joe DiMaggio, an all-star and hall of fame baseball player for the Yankees. DiMaggios bone spur, which might have crippled another player, made him tolerable and mentally strong. Although DiMaggio was Handicap, He never gave up and set out to protect his accomplishments. DiMaggios Leadership and fortitude, is what inspires Santiago to protect his treasure without giving up. When Santiagos hand craps and is left to battle the Marlin with only one hand, Thoughts of surrendering enter his mind. When Santiago reminds himself of the great DiMaggio, he continues to endure what he set off to accomplish. The icon of the legend baseball player serves to symbolize Santiagos stamina and endurance, despite his awful pain. [I have never seen or heard of such a fish. But I must kill him. I am glad we do not have to try to kill the stars. Imagine if each day a man must try to kill the moon, he thought. The moon runs away. . . . Then he was sorry for the great fish that had nothing to eat and his determination to kill him never relaxed in his sorrow for him. . . . There is no one worthy of eating him from the manner of his behavior and his great dignity. I do not understand these things, he thought. But it is good that we do not have to try to kill the sun or the moon or the stars. It is enough to live on the sea and kill our true brothers (Hemingway 28).] In the Beginning of the novel, the Marlin is distinguished as a creature from the unknown, a creature that only exists in a place of mystery. When Santiago hooks on to the fish, he is not sure of what he is hooked on to. The fish, witch dwells underneath the surface, pulls Santiago and is left to only imagine what mysteries are left to be revealed on th e other end of the line. When Santiago finally gets a glimpse of the fish, when the fish breaks the surface of the water, he is startled and shocked of the fishes massiveness. With Santiagos mysteries revealed, He is left to endeavor with every bit of his strength and power. You did not kill the fish only to keep alive and to sell for food, he thought. You killed him for pride and because you are a fisherman. You loved him when he was alive and you loved him after. If you love him, it is not a sin to kill him. Or is it more? (Hemingway 98). Santiago begins to feel pity for the Marlin; witch in his mind believes the fish is exhausted. The demoralizing thought of having to kill the fish, also makes the old man strengthen his way of life. While Santiago fights the Marlin, he develops a relationship and affliction towards the fish. He begins to believe that the fishes worthiness is so worthy that it does not matter who kills whom, as long as there is nobility in fighting. Initially the old man was going to use the fish for food, but he realizes that the actual reason for fish is for self-pride. The main symbol in the novel is the presence of the Marlin. In Christianity the symbol of the fish has many meanings, including the fact that in Jesus time in Galilee the main diet consisted of fish. For example, Christ multiplied the two fish and five loaves of bread to feed the people. Come, follow me and I will make you fishers of men (Mark 1:17) Jesus said to his disciples. Santiago uses the marlin as a source of food to bring back to his village in Cuba, but the wicked sharks eat the flesh off the Marlin just leaving the carcass. The sharks symbolize evil, somewhat like the devil. The sharks deprive Santiago from his treasure and leave him with devastation, similar to sin. The image of the skeleton symbolizes Santiagos triumph over the fish, to show to Manolin and the other fisherman in his village. Jonah was three days and three nights in the belly of the great fish, so will the Son of Man be three days and three nights in the heart of the earth (Matthew 12:40). Santiagos batt le with the fish lasts three days; witch is a significant and symbolic number in the bible. There are also three distinctive stages in the battle (the hookup, the battle, and the success over the fish). There is no translation for this word and perhaps it is just a noise such as a man might make, involuntarily, feeling the nail go through his hands and into the wood (Hemmingway, 107). This quote exemplifies that Hemingway uses Santiago as a Christ like figure. Santiago and Jesus are either considered martyrs, or someone who suffers for a cause. Jesus was a martyr because he died for his beliefs; Santiago is a martyr because the sharks rhetorically take away his life. Santiago is Christ like in the way that he carried the burden of his boat on his shoulders back to his cabin, resembling Jesus carrying his cross in Jerusalem. Santiago then lies down with his arms straight out and the palms of his hands, cut up from holding the fishing line, facing up. This image is similar to Jesus crucifixion, where Jesus hands were nailed to the cross. Like Jesus Santiago full of compassion, determination, and righteousness. The energy of evil is present through the sharks, similar to the evils that were introduced to Jesus in Jerusalem. Both Santiago and Jesus are dishonored and deceived. The Main quote in the story unquestionably is Man is not made for defeat. A man can be destroyed but not defeated (Hemmingway, 103). This quote captures the actual essence of the novel. Without a doubt, Santiago was destroyed but not defeated. Some might dispute that the old man was defeated as it states in the book they beat me Manolin they truly beat me (Hemingway 112), nevertheless the old man was defeated physically but not spiritually. Like Jesus, Santiago kept his Faith, courage, and perseverance even when he was physically destroyed. Santiago is a man that should be respected and honored for the sacrifices he demonstrates. Even though Santiago has numerous troubles he persists. He has a strong faith in Manolin, the great Joe DiMaggio, and most significantly within himself. This is possibly his greatest quality and characteristic because without it he would never have had the potency to persevere and overcome the evil sharks. In the novel Santiagos courage is untouchable, however it is not until he hooks onto the big fish that we really see his courage and persistence. Citation Page: SparkNotes: The Old Man and the Sea: Day One. Web. 29 Apr 2010. . Ernest Hemingway Quotes. Web. 29 Apr 2010. . http://rds.yahoo.com/_ylt=A0geu5TCxdhLFhgBbq5XNyoA;_ylu=X3oDMTByZDQ4OGhzBHNlYwNzcgRwb3MDOQRjb2xvA2FjMgR2dGlkAw/SIG=13gum525d/EXP=1272584002/**http%3a//members.lycos.nl/fdhsaertgae/a-life-ldf/a-man-can-be-destroyed-but-not-defeated-.html. Web. 29 Apr 2010. . CHRISTIAN SYMBOLS: THE FISH (ICHTHUS, ICTUS), CROSS AND CRUCIFIX. Web. 29 Apr 2010. . Studyworld Studynotes: Old Man and the Sea, The: Summary: Points to Ponder. Web. 29 Apr 2010. . The Old Man and the Sea SYMBOLISM / MOTIFS / IMAGERY / SYMBOLS. Web. 29 Apr 2010. . Ernest Hemingway Quotes. Web. 29 Apr 2010. .

The Holocaust Essay -- Nazi Germany Papers

The Holocaust All throughout history, Jews have been persecuted. The Jews were blamed for killing Jesus and the idea of anti- Semitism has been around centuries before Adolf Hitler and the Nazis. Adolf Hitler led the Nazis to power in 1933 promising to make Germany powerful and respected by the rest of the world. He promised to fight Communism, to find jobs for the six million unemployed workers in Germany, to restore law and order, and to get rid of the â€Å"Jewish influence† in Germany. Hitler’s speeches were full of hatred for the Jews and this encouraged his followers to attack Jewish people. The Nazis controlled the police. The Nazis controlled the law courts, and Jews soon discovered that they would have no protection against Nazi attacks. In April 1933 Nazis called for Jewish shops to be boycotted. Storm-Troopers stood outside shops and stopped Germans from going in. Slogans were painted on shop windows. These boycotts were not very effective so the Nazis needed more effective methods. Joseph Goebbles, who controlled propaganda, produced many anti Semitic books and In 1933 Jews were also banned from some professions such as: doctors and the civil servants. Hitler wanted a racially pure Germany this is why the Jews were banned from these professions because they didn’t want their influence to spread. Source A is an extract from the Nuremberg laws; in September 1935 it starts by saying, â€Å"A Jew may not be citizen of the Reich†. This Shows that the Jews where stateless and they had nowhere to go. After it says, ‘Jews have no vote; they may not fill any public office’. Thi... ... face. The killing centres were, isolated areas, moderately well hidden from public view. They were located near major railroad lines, allowing trains to transport hundreds of thousands of people to the killing sites easily. The deportations required the help of many people and all parts of the German government. The victims in Poland were already imprisoned in ghettos and totally under German control. The deportation of Jews from other parts of Europe, however, was a far more complex problem. The German foreign minister was successful in persuade German occupied nation to assist in the deportations. The introduction of the Auschwitz extermination camp meant that the Jews could be killed efficiently. Unlike other death camps which were build solely to kill Jews, the Auscwitz death camp had a work camp attached.

College Experience Essay

Growing up college was never an alternative for me; I finished high school and moved from Cuba to the United States. English was a language that seemed impossible for me and in my perspective; I thought I could get by with owning a business and living off of that. When tax season arrived like every year I had my accountant do them for me, nonetheless, I reviewed my business taxes and figured out that there were inaccuracies. I decided to ask the manager of H&R Block near my business to overlook my taxes for me and while I explained the inconsistencies discovered, she suggested that I should become an accountant. That’s when my college experience began, where I hoped to acquire knowledge in accounting, learn towards other subjects, and acquire traits that have been difficult for me to attain. Speech was one of the first classes I took and noticing the struggle I was having with the language, I began to feel overstressed and felt the need to quit. The professor of the class overheard me stating to my classmate that I didn’t think I can handle the class, she interfered in the conversation and began encouraging me to take it and alleged to not lose hope and continue fighting for my dreams. Giving me motivation and inspiration, I decided to stay in college because of the professor. I continued my courses and began to learn step by step procedures on accounting and the right ways to do so. My knowledge began to increase and my interest in the accounting field began to grow. Being in college has given me the ability to learn not only accounting but other subjects such as Literature, English, Ethics, and other related subjects that provided me with the motivation I needed to proceed in my education; in a blink of an eye I was receiving my associate’s degree of science in accounting â€Å"Magna Cum Laude†. This gave me the inspiration to move forward with my career and obtain my bachelor’s degree in accoun ting. Learning about other subjects helped me in improving my comprehension and helped me become more wise in not only academics but in life as well. My college experience was not something easy to deal with, it was emotionally stressing. Life’s pressure of maintaining a house, working and taking care of my children was a difficult thing to do while attending college. One of the most challenging obstacles in college are the assignments, quizzes, and preparing for big tests. Not procrastinating is one of the things helped me deal with my stress. As soon as an assignment was given I would start on it right away to have more time afterwards to review and edit my work. Encouragement and motivation gave me the strength to continue when I thought I was never going to attain the ability to graduate from college. Knowledge was not the only thing I obtained from college. I learned to believe in myself, be more ambitious, and follow my dreams which were traits I thought I could never accomplish. I learned towards other subjects that made me an improved individual overall. I believe these are the key aspects to get through college successfully and wisely. These aspects helped me take the right steps into the future of my career and my life. Two classes away from graduating I hope that I will not only become a responsible, perseverant, and confident professional in my work field but as an individual as well.

Christina Gold Leading the Change

Christina Gold Leading Change in Western Union Challa Fletcher March 13, 2012 GM504-01N: Organizational Excellence & Change Professor Rogerson Unit 1 Case Analysis Christian Gold is met with some opposition as she works to define Western Union’s global placement. The new president of Western Union points out that Western Union International, a single entity responsible for all of Western Union’s international organizational operations, was not sufficient enough to meet the global clientele.Fully versed in geography and varying cultures, Gold understands that each region must be treated uniquely based on its regional needs and culture (Gosling & Mintzberg, 2003? ). By 2003, Gold proposes that Western Union International be divided into three divisions: the Americas; Europe, Middle East, Africa, and South Asia; and Asia-Pacific. Each region will be led by a division head. Gold’s theory is that each leader head can better manage the cultural needs of the individual regions, helping Western Union better target its consumers in different cultural markets.The fear of lost revenue and product control is causing pause in the parent company, First Data Corporation. Gold also faces opposition of her peers who agree with her strategic plan to grown Western Union International but differ on other aspects such as profit and loss responsibility and decentralization. Major Issues Expanding globally requires putting trust in the hands of people who may not be familiar with the standards of operations. Western Union is U. S. entric and despite being in 195 different countries, they have not relinquished any control over marketing or their product lines. Giving up control of long U. S. managed projects is not well received amongst the current four senior vice presidents (Konrad & Mitchell, 2005, p. 6). There is a combination of interactive management and inactive management making decisions for Western Union . Western Union has steadily grown; gaining eighte en percent of increased revenues in 2002 (Konrad & Mitchell, 2005, p. 4).This growth took place under the current Western Union and Western Union International. It is because of this steady growth, due to nothing more than regular marketing, First Data Corporation is satisfied with the current make-up of the organization. Inactive management only responds to change when it is absolutely necessary to avoid an impending crisis (Ackoff, 1999, p. 50). Where First Data is inactive, Christina Gold is interactive. Gold is looking at future development of the Western Union and not just at where it has been or where it is now (Ackoff, 1999, p. 5). Alternate Course of Action Compromise and start small; one region at a time. Change can be big and quickly become over powering. Jana Johnson, vice president of executive development for First Data, admits that the size of both Western Union and First Data is knowingly large, and knowing which direction to grow is a challenge (Konrad & Mitchell, 20 05, p. 12). The implementations of all three international divisions do not have to take place at the same time. Rapid growth can cause issues to spring up all at once, overbearing the new system.Such difficulties could include product introduction timing and new foreign policy implantation. Addressing these issues with three different divisions simultaneously can be too much for the organization to bear at once and still remain operating effectively; without causing profit loses (the sole concern of Christina Gold). To test the international division, Western Union can begin with opening the largest of the three divisions. In the beginning the division leader will take charge of marketing for the region and slowly begin to obtain the profit and loss responsibility.The remaining two divisions will remain under the umbrella of Western Union International until the test trial of the largest division is complete. A new division can roll out based on a developed schedule. Change is not permanent. If any division is no longer feasible and begin to lose profit it can be readjusted, or disassembled with each of its parts being restructured to other divisions. Management style of organization should be changed to be more future focused. Christina Gold and her supporters are operating interactively.The new design of Western Union’s international business is being expanded before a crises need is looming over the organization. Gold proposes a beginning process for where the company should be aiming for in the future (Ackoff, 1999, p. 58). Restructuring Improvements Restructuring is a part of growth. Western Union cannot go into the international market with the same management. Western Union needs management that mirrors the culture they are to represent. The environment will better relate to this type of leaders. Marketing and new product lines will be strengthened by the change in management restructuring.The division head will better be able to assess what mar keting techniques will be better suited to the environment. These divisions will also be able to design new products an aggressively market those that their cultural environment could better utilize. Division heads will be able to asses which products to work as well as see how those products fair in the environment. They will closely adjust marketing tools, knowing what works better for their regions. This knowledge of culture can also clear up language and communication barriers.Divisional heads will understand the nuances of what is appropriate and what is not in a region (Konrad & Mitchell, 2005, p. 5). The new restructuring and international growth will optimize the six core strategies of Western Union. Two of the six core strategies, develop a global brand and enhance global network distributions, applies directly to growth in international markets. Western Union is US centric in its management and production (Konrad & Mitchell, 2005, p. 1; 6). In order to expand globally they must restrict their management style and those they use to manage the various divisions.By adding the additional foreign markets, increasing their purchasing ability and awareness, Western Union will be developing the core strategies of increasing productivity. More availability of services to a larger market will also increase awareness and improve service excellence. Finally, Christina Gold placed Make Yerington as senior vice president of business development. Mike Yerington has been with Western Union for 30 years (Konrad & Mitchell, 2005 p. 11). The position of Western Union Americas was also given to a Western Union veteran. The final strategic core strategy is to develop leaders from within the organization.This is an important strategy for Christina Gold after her own organization growth was taken from her causing the end of her career with Avon (Konrad & Mitchell, 2005, p. 2-3). Western Union can continue on this inner organizational growth by assigning the vacant Asian-Pa cific divisional leader position to some one of the region who has shown great leadership abilities throughout their time with Western Union. Recommendation Trust the individual that was placed over the company. Christian Gold was chosen as president of Western Union because she has impeccable experience in management and global operations.Her degree in geography and experience gives her a clear vision of processing needed change. Gold exemplifies strong leaderships skills demonstrated in her vision of Western Union beyond its current market placement. An innovative leader begins the change process and takes risk (Kouzes & Posner, 2009, p. 3). Gold is aware of the challenges that will be faced by Western Unions International Divisions, but she sees beyond the organizational development process and sees the vision of the organization. She shares this vision with others (Kouzes & Posner, 2009, p. 3).She gives others the power necessary to make decisions, and achieve organizational goa ls (Konrad & Mitchell, 2005, p. 13). Gold wants to give the three division leaders the responsibility of profit and loss; believing they can handle the additional task. A true leader gives control and in return they receive loyalty and support from their followers (Bryant, 2010, p. 35). Gold has this loyalty of the already placed vice president and divisional leaders. Failure to allow change in Western Union could cost First Data Corporations market growth internationally but also the resource they have in Christian Gold.Failure to trust Gold’s judgment and to look over the potential she possesses may cause her to leave the organization. In the past when an opportunity that was earned fairly by Gold was given to another she left the organization (Konrad & Mitchell, 2005, p. 3). The growth of Western Union will not continue to be â€Å"just because,† Western Union must be able to penetrate deeper into the money market and Christina Gold is beginning this process in the international market. To continue effectiveness growth, Western Union will have to see the asset they have in Christina Gold (Lawler III, 2003, p. 87). Conclusion * Western Union has experienced continual growth throughout both its domestic and international markets, however Christina Gold see the need for international change. Christina Gold, president of Western Union, proposes a plan that will not only grow the international Western Union but also develop the six core strategies of Western Union. The major issues stem around the changes to the product line control and debates of the need for management change is necessary to advance international markets. All of the challenges are not negative.Those who agree with Christina Gold’s international development, differ on the need for decentralization. Despite the opposition for change, Christian Gold still strives to be a vision focused leader, encouraging her team and creating leaders from within the organization. First Data Corporation must see the asset in Christina Gold and trust her assessment of the needs of Western Union. References Ackoff, R. (1999). Re-Creating the Corporation: A Design of Organizations for the 21st Century, Oxford University Press. Bryant, J. H. (2010).Leading with love in a fear-based world. Leader to Leader, 2010(56), 32-38. Konrad, A. & Mitchell, J. (2005). Christina Gold Leading Change at Western Union. Harvard Business Publishing. Product #906M07-PDF-ENG. Kouzes, J. , & Posner, B. (2009). Five best practices. Leadership Excellence, 26(7), 3-4. Lawler III, E. (2003). Why treating people right pays off. Treat People Right. In J. S. Osland, M. E. Turner, D. A. Kolb & I. M. Rubin (Eds. ) (2006). The organizational behavior reader (8th ed. ) (pp. 581-593). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.